The Commodore 64 version (C64105) was released on diskette in 1983; the Plus4 version (T263001) was released on cartridge in 1984. 8 9.

The language was conceived to teach concepts of programming related to Lisp and only later to enable what Papert called body-syntonic reasoning, where students could understand, predict, and reason about the turtles motion by imagining what they would do if they were the turtle.

There are substantial differences among the many dialects of Logo, and the situation is confused by the regular appearance of turtle graphics programs that are named Logo.

Logo is not case-sensitive but retains the case used for formatting purposes.

The first four years of Logo research, development and teaching work was done at BBN.

The first implementation of Logo, called Ghost, was written in LISP on a PDP-1.

The goal was to create a mathematical land where children could play with words and sentences.

Modeled on LISP, the design goals of Logo included accessible power clarification needed and informative error messages.

The use of virtual Turtles allowed for immediate visual feedback and debugging of graphic programming.

Modern Logo has not changed very much from the basic concepts predating the first turtle.

The first turtle was a tethered floor roamer, not radio-controlled or wireless.

At BBN Paul Wexelblat developed a turtle named Irving that had touch sensors and could move forwards, backwards, rotate, and ding its bell.

The earliest year-long school users of Logo were in 196869 at Muzzey Jr.

The virtual and physical turtles were first used by fifth-graders at the Bridge School in the same city in 197071.

It has traditionally been displayed either as a triangle or a turtle icon (though it can be represented by any icon).

Turtle graphics were added to the Logo language by Seymour Papert in the late 1960s to support Paperts version of the turtle robot, a simple robot controlled from the users workstation that is designed to carry out the drawing functions assigned to it using a small retractable pen set into or attached to the robots body.

The turtle moves with commands that are relative to its own position, LEFT 90 means spin left by 90 degrees.

Some Logo implementations, particularly those that allow the use of concurrency and multiple turtles, support collision detection and allow the user to redefine the appearance of the turtle cursor, essentially allowing the Logo turtles to function as sprites.

Input from COM ports and LPT ports are also allowed by MSWLogo through windows GUI.

Simple GIF animations may also be produced on MSWLogo version 6.5 with the gifsave command.

There are two popular implementations: Massachusetts Institute of Technology s StarLogo and Northwestern University Center for Connected Learnings (CCL) NetLogo.

They allow exploring emergent phenomena and come with many experiments in social studies, biology, physics, and other areas.

NetLogo is widely used in agent-based simulation in the biological and social sciences.

In March 2020, there were counted 308 implementations and dialects of Logo, each with its own strengths.

Commercial implementations widely used in schools include MicroWorlds Logo and Imagine Logo.

The Commodore 64 version (C64105) was released on diskette in 1983; the Plus4 version (T263001) was released on cartridge in 1984.

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